Digital Storage Converter
Convert between all standard digital storage units in decimal (SI) and binary (IEC) notation. Supports 42 units from bits and bytes to quettabytes and quebibytes, with reference tables, percent-difference data, and FAQs.
Quick Presets
Gigabyte
1
GB= 8,000,000,000 bits = 1,000,000,000 bytes
Bits
8,000,000,000
Bytes
1,000,000,000
Megabytes
1,000
Gibibytes
0.9313225746
Decimal (SI) Bits
| Unit | Sym | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Bit | b | 8,000,000,000 |
| Kilobit | kb | 8,000,000 |
| Megabit | Mb | 8,000 |
| Gigabit | Gb | 8 |
| Terabit | Tb | 0.008 |
| Petabit | Pb | 8.000000e-6 |
| Exabit | Eb | 8.000000e-9 |
| Zettabit | Zb | 8.000000e-12 |
| Yottabit | Yb | 8.000000e-15 |
| Ronnabit | Rb | 8.000000e-18 |
| Quettabit | Qb | 8.000000e-21 |
| Byte | B | 1,000,000,000 |
Decimal (SI) Bytes
| Unit | Sym | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Byte | B | 1,000,000,000 |
| Kilobyte | kB | 1,000,000 |
| Megabyte | MB | 1,000 |
| Gigabyte | GB | 1 |
| Terabyte | TB | 0.001 |
| Petabyte | PB | 1.000000e-6 |
| Exabyte | EB | 1.000000e-9 |
| Zettabyte | ZB | 1.000000e-12 |
| Yottabyte | YB | 1.000000e-15 |
| Ronnabyte | RB | 1.000000e-18 |
| Quettabyte | QB | 1.000000e-21 |
| Bit | b | 8,000,000,000 |
Binary (IEC) Bits
| Unit | Sym | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Bit | b | 8,000,000,000 |
| Kibibit | Kibit | 7,812,500 |
| Mebibit | Mibit | 7,629.39453125 |
| Gibibit | Gibit | 7.4505805969 |
| Tebibit | Tibit | 0.0072759576 |
| Pebibit | Pibit | 7.105427e-6 |
| Exbibit | Eibit | 6.938894e-9 |
| Zebibit | Zibit | 6.776264e-12 |
| Yobibit | Yibit | 6.617445e-15 |
| Robibit | Ribit | 6.462349e-18 |
| Quebibit | Qibit | 6.310887e-21 |
| Byte | B | 1,000,000,000 |
Binary (IEC) Bytes
| Unit | Sym | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Byte | B | 1,000,000,000 |
| Kibibyte | KiB | 976,562.5 |
| Mebibyte | MiB | 953.6743164063 |
| Gibibyte | GiB | 0.9313225746 |
| Tebibyte | TiB | 9.094947e-4 |
| Pebibyte | PiB | 8.881784e-7 |
| Exbibyte | EiB | 8.673617e-10 |
| Zebibyte | ZiB | 8.470329e-13 |
| Yobibyte | YiB | 8.271806e-16 |
| Robibyte | RiB | 8.077936e-19 |
| Quebibyte | QiB | 7.888609e-22 |
| Bit | b | 8,000,000,000 |
Digital Storage Unit Converter
Convert between all standard digital storage units in both decimal (SI) and binary (IEC) notation. This converter supports 42 units — from bits and bytes through kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes all the way to the recently standardized ronnabytes and quettabytes.
Binary prefixes (base 2) use powers of 1,024. For example, 1 kibibyte (KiB) = 1,024 bytes, 1 mebibyte (MiB) = 1,024 KiB, and 1 gibibyte (GiB) = 1,024 MiB. Operating systems like Windows historically report file sizes using binary calculations but display them with metric labels (KB, MB, GB), which is a common source of confusion.
Metric or decimal prefixes (base 10) use powers of 1,000. For example, 1 kilobyte (kB) = 1,000 bytes, 1 megabyte (MB) = 1,000 kB, and 1 gigabyte (GB) = 1,000 MB. Storage manufacturers, network speeds, and the International System of Units (SI) use decimal prefixes.
Metric prefixes in digital storage follow the same convention as standard SI units in physics and engineering — just as 1 kilogram = 1,000 grams and 1 kilometer = 1,000 meters, 1 kilobyte = 1,000 bytes in the decimal system.
How to Convert Digital Storage Units
To convert from a larger binary unit to bytes, multiply the value by the appropriate power of 2 from the binary reference table below. To convert from bytes back to a larger binary unit, divide by that same power. For decimal units, multiply or divide by the appropriate power of 10.
To convert between units in the same system (e.g., GiB to TiB), multiply by the ratio of their conversion factors. To convert across systems (e.g., GiB to GB), first convert to the base unit (bytes or bits), then convert to the target unit.
Example: Convert 5 GiB to Bytes
From the binary bytes reference table, 1 GiB = 2³⁰ bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes. To find how many bytes are in 5 GiB, simply multiply:
diagonal = √(width² + height²) → PPI
5 GiB × 2³⁰ B/GiB = 5 × 1,073,741,824 = 5,368,709,120 B
Therefore, 5 GiB = 5,368,709,120 bytes. Note that 5 GB (decimal) = 5,000,000,000 bytes — that is 368,709,120 bytes fewer, a 7.4% difference.
Cross-System Conversion
To convert between binary and decimal units, chain the conversions through a shared base. For example, to convert 1 GiB to TiB: since 1 GiB = 2³⁰ bytes and 1 TiB = 2⁴⁰ bytes, we get 1 GiB = 2³⁰ ÷ 2⁴⁰ TiB = 2⁻¹⁰ TiB ≈ 0.000977 TiB.
GiB → TiB: multiply by 2³⁰ / 2⁴⁰ = 2⁻¹⁰
1 GiB = 1 × 2⁻¹⁰ TiB ≈ 0.000977 TiB
Example: Exabytes and Unit Cancellation
1 exabyte (EB) = 10¹⁸ bytes = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes. Conversely, 1 byte = 10⁻¹⁸ EB. The same cancellation principle applies to any pair of units — divide the source unit's bit-equivalent by the target unit's bit-equivalent to obtain the conversion factor.
1 EB = 10¹⁸ B
1 B = 10⁻¹⁸ EB
1 EB = 10¹⁸ bytes = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
Metric (Decimal) Digital Storage Units Reference
Decimal Bits Reference
| Unit | Symbol | Bits |
|---|---|---|
| Bit | b | 1 = 10⁰ |
| Kilobit | kb | 10³ |
| Megabit | Mb | 10⁶ |
| Gigabit | Gb | 10⁹ |
| Terabit | Tb | 10¹² |
| Petabit | Pb | 10¹⁵ |
| Exabit | Eb | 10¹⁸ |
| Zettabit | Zb | 10²¹ |
| Yottabit | Yb | 10²⁴ |
| Ronnabit | Rb | 10²⁷ |
| Quettabit | Qb | 10³⁰ |
| Byte | B | 8 |
Decimal Bytes Reference
| Unit | Symbol | Bytes |
|---|---|---|
| Byte | B | 1 = 10⁰ |
| Kilobyte | kB | 10³ |
| Megabyte | MB | 10⁶ |
| Gigabyte | GB | 10⁹ |
| Terabyte | TB | 10¹² |
| Petabyte | PB | 10¹⁵ |
| Exabyte | EB | 10¹⁸ |
| Zettabyte | ZB | 10²¹ |
| Yottabyte | YB | 10²⁴ |
| Ronnabyte | RB | 10²⁷ |
| Quettabyte | QB | 10³⁰ |
| Bit | b | 0.125 = 1/8 |
Binary Digital Storage Units Reference
Binary prefixes were standardized by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in 1998 to eliminate the ambiguity of using kilo, mega, and giga for both base-10 and base-2 meanings. The prefixes kibi (Ki), mebi (Mi), gibi (Gi), tebi (Ti), pebi (Pi), and exbi (Ei) are the formally correct terms for powers of 1,024.
Binary Bits Reference
| Unit | Symbol | Bits |
|---|---|---|
| Bit | bit | 1 |
| Kibibit | Kibit | 1,024 = 2¹⁰ |
| Mebibit | Mibit | 2²⁰ |
| Gibibit | Gibit | 2³⁰ |
| Tebibit | Tibit | 2⁴⁰ |
| Pebibit | Pibit | 2⁵⁰ |
| Exbibit | Eibit | 2⁶⁰ |
| Zebibit | Zibit | 2⁷⁰ |
| Yobibit | Yibit | 2⁸⁰ |
| Robibit ** | Ribit | 2⁹⁰ |
| Quebibit ** | Qibit | 2¹⁰⁰ |
| Byte | B | 8 = 2³ |
Binary Bytes Reference
| Unit | Symbol | Bytes | Memory * |
|---|---|---|---|
| Byte | B | 1 | B |
| Kibibyte | KiB | 1,024 = 2¹⁰ | KB |
| Mebibyte | MiB | 2²⁰ | MB |
| Gibibyte | GiB | 2³⁰ | GB |
| Tebibyte | TiB | 2⁴⁰ | TB |
| Pebibyte | PiB | 2⁵⁰ | — |
| Exbibyte | EiB | 2⁶⁰ | — |
| Zebibyte | ZiB | 2⁷⁰ | — |
| Yobibyte | YiB | 2⁸⁰ | — |
| Robibyte ** | RiB | 2⁹⁰ | — |
| Quebibyte ** | QiB | 2¹⁰⁰ | — |
| Bit | b | 0.125 = 1/8 | — |
Percent Difference: Binary vs. Metric Storage Sizes
The gap between binary and metric units grows with each prefix level. A kibibyte is only 2.4% larger than a kilobyte, but a yobibyte exceeds a yottabyte by 20.9%. This increasing discrepancy is why the distinction matters — especially at the terabyte scale and above, where users notice significant differences between advertised and reported storage.
| Binary Unit | Metric Equivalent | % Difference |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Byte (B) | 1.000 Byte (B) | 0.0% |
| 1 Kibibyte (KiB) | 1.024 Kilobyte (kB) | 2.4% |
| 1 Mebibyte (MiB) | 1.049 Megabyte (MB) | 4.9% |
| 1 Gibibyte (GiB) | 1.074 Gigabyte (GB) | 7.4% |
| 1 Tebibyte (TiB) | 1.100 Terabyte (TB) | 10.0% |
| 1 Pebibyte (PiB) | 1.126 Petabyte (PB) | 12.6% |
| 1 Exbibyte (EiB) | 1.153 Exabyte (EB) | 15.3% |
| 1 Zebibyte (ZiB) | 1.181 Zettabyte (ZB) | 18.1% |
| 1 Yobibyte (YiB) | 1.209 Yottabyte (YB) | 20.9% |
* The Memory column shows the labels historically used by operating systems and hardware. These shorthand labels (KB, MB, GB, TB) actually refer to binary quantities (1 KB = 1,024 bytes), even though they look identical to the decimal SI symbols. The IEC binary prefixes (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB) were introduced in 1998 to resolve this ambiguity, and are increasingly adopted by Linux distributions, GNU utilities, and modern software.
** The robi and quebi prefixes correspond to the 2022 SI prefixes ronna (10²⁷) and quetta (10³⁰). While the binary equivalents (robi = 2⁹⁰, quebi = 2¹⁰⁰) are in use in some technical contexts, they have not yet been formally adopted by the IEC. They are included here for completeness.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between a kilobyte and a kibibyte?+
Why does my hard drive show less space than advertised?+
How many bytes are in a gigabyte?+
What is the difference between bits and bytes?+
Why are there two different systems for measuring digital storage?+
What are the largest defined units of digital storage?+
How do I convert between binary and decimal storage units?+
What units do operating systems use to display file sizes?+
How to use Digital Storage Converter
Simply enter the values in the input fields provided above. Results will update automatically as you type, allowing for instant calculations and side-by-side comparisons.
Our calculators use high-precision mathematical engines to ensure that even the smallest decimal movements are captured accurately.
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